indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
outline; summary; argument
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
school festival; campus festival
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
near; close (to); nearby; (drawing) near; approaching; almost here
to be temperate in; to refrain; to make notes; to jot down (e.g. phone number); to be in preparation for; to be in waiting for
senior high school; high school
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
to lead; to spearhead (a group); to command (troops)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
insurrection; mutiny; rebellion; revolt; uprising
to fight against; to oppose; to face
stone; rock; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); (round) game piece
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to rescue (someone); to save; to help (out of a difficulty); to save (spiritually); to redeem (from sin); to deliver (from suffering, distress, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
to stand up; to get up; to recover; to regain one's energy; to (stand up and) take action; to rise up (against); to rise (from a crouch) and make the initial charge
fallen scraps; scatterings; leftovers; remainder; student who cannot keep up in school; dropout (from school, society, a movement, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
though; although; notwithstanding; while; as; at the same time as
pupil; disciple; adherent; follower; apprentice; young person
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
training; practice; discipline; ascetic practices
to pile up; to heap up; to stack up; to repeat many times over; to go through repeatedly; to accumulate
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
queen; female monarch; queen consort; consort of a king; queen; princess
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
tower; tall building; turret; lookout; (arch.) brothel
to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
small amount; jot; nothing much; (to a) slight degree; wee bit
sweet-tasting; sweet; fragrant (smelling); sweet (music); lightly salted; light in salt; indulgent