Hokkaido (island, prefectural-level administrative unit)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
(East Asian) rainy season (in Japan, usu. from early June to mid-July); rain during the rainy season
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Emishi; Ezo; non-Yamato peoples in northern Japan; Yezo; Hokkaido, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
first; firstly; first of all; Introduction; Preface
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
weather; fair weather; fine weather
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
refreshingly; with a feeling of relief; shapely; neatly; cleanly; without trouble; clearly
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
Honshū (largest of the four main islands of Japan); Honshu
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
really; truly; indeed; good grief
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
end; ending; close; end of (one's) life; death
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
September; ninth month of the lunar calendar
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to turn over; to turn upside down; to knock over; to tip over; to overturn (e.g. a decision); to upset
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
forever; eternally; for good; as long as one likes; indefinitely; endlessly
to smoke; to smoulder; to be sooty; to be smoke-stained; to smoulder (e.g. a dispute); to smolder
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
hot; warm; passionate; impassioned; on everybody's mind; on the radar