Primates (order of mammals)
Hominidae (family of great apes)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
already; now; no longer; not any more
old-fashioned; behind the times; out-of-date; antiquated
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
surface of the earth; ground surface
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to fill to capacity; to pack; to complete; to tessellate
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
town; city; municipal; urban
group; bunch; crowd; group
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
striking; remarkable; considerable
decrease; reduction; decline
to continue (going along some trend)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
war; fighting; fierce competition
economy; economics; finance; (one's) finances; being economical; economy
distinction; differentiation; discrimination; discrimination (against people)
that's the way it is; such is life
all; entire; whole; altogether
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
rise (e.g. of a movement); emergence; rearing one's head; gaining prominence; coming to the fore; gaining power
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
older employee who does not have much actual work
race; tribe; species; genus; stellar population (i.e. population I, II and III)
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
now; the present time; just now; another; more