preface; foreword; introduction; beginning; start
late summer; sixth month of the lunar calendar
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
I; me; personal (affairs, etc.); private; selfishness; partiality
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
another (person); the other person; one more (person)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
Lord; Sir; state minister (under the ritsuryō system or Meiji Grand Council system)
to grab (someone) by the collar; to seize (someone) by the lapels
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
what is colloquially called; what is commonly referred to as; what is popularly known as; so-called
to tie; to fasten; to wear (necktie, belt); to put on; to total; to sum; to be strict with
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
half asleep and half awake; trance; dream and reality
to choose at one's own discretion; to choose when to do something; to estimate (the time for something)
to press a question; to cross-examine
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); feline; shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom (submissive partner of a homosexual relationship)
toy; (person or thing treated as a) plaything
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to deliver; to forward; to send; to report; to notify; to file notice (to the authorities)
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise