reason; principle; general principle (as opposed to individual concrete phenomenon); (in neo-Confucianism) the underlying principles of the cosmos
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
exterior; outside; outer; external; lateral
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
time; hour; period; class
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
river; stream; River; the ... river
flow (of a fluid or gas); stream; flow (of people, things); passage (of time); course (of events); (step-by-step) procedure; group of people who remain together after the end of an event
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
source (e.g. of a river); headwaters; origin of something continuous (language, culture, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to overflow from something full
one long straight object (e.g. strand of hair, beam of light, wisp of smoke); a single bloodline; earnest; resolute; (arch.) ordinary; (arch.) common
spring water; clear (pure) water
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
volume of water (in a river, pond, flood, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
low (level, value, price, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
for some reason or other; somehow or other; by some chance
divergence; ramification; bifurcation; branching off
plural; multiple; several
to branch; to fork; to separate; to split; to disperse; to scatter
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
confluence (of rivers); merge (of traffic); conflux; union (e.g. of forces); linking up; merging
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
such; like that; that sort of; very
to repeat; to do something over again
while; during; while; although; all; both
drainage basin; catchment basin; river basin; watershed; valley
square measure; size (e.g. of land); area; surface
to spread; to extend; to unfold; to open; to scatter about; to spread around
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
to moisten; to wet; to profit; to enrich; to benefit
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you