culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
geisha; professional female entertainer, usu. at traditional banquets
Mount Fuji; Mt. Fuji; Fujiyama; Fuji-san
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
harakiri; seppuku; ritual suicide by disembowelment
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
time; thyme; time out (e.g. in sport)
comfort; ease; easy; simple; (economically) comfortable; raku pottery
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
Jon; John; Gjon; Jonathan
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
while; during; while; although; all; both
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stop up; to close up; to stand in the way; to obstruct; to occupy; to fill up
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
armpit; under one's arm; beside; close to; aside; to the side; off-track
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to step aside; to move (i.e. out of the way); to make way
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
low (rank, degree, value, content, quality, etc.); low (position); close to the ground; short (height); deep (voice); in a low key
order (esp. to a number of people); command; ritual of bowing at start and end of school class
to let out; to utter; to issue; to send; to leave; to depart
in an instant; in a moment; immediately; suddenly; all of a sudden; all at once
back; rear; background; behind the scenes
to be temperate in; to refrain; to make notes; to jot down (e.g. phone number); to be in preparation for; to be in waiting for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
party; gang; company; squad
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to rush into; to surge into; to crowd into
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
shoes strictly prohibited