in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
shout of joy; cry of pleasure; jubilant comments
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug; to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
training; practice; discipline; ascetic practices
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
guarantee; security; assurance; pledge; warranty
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
to jump in; to leap in; to plunge into; to burst in; to barge in
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
future (usually near); prospects
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
professional shogi player; professional go player
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to lose one's way; to get lost; to waver; to hesitate; to give into temptation; to lose control of oneself
encouragement; promotion; inducement; incitement; stimulation
meeting; assembly; party; society; association; club
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead