inexperienced; unfamiliar (with); unversed; lacking experience
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
to shut oneself in (e.g. one's room); to be confined in; to be filled with (emotion, enthusiasm, etc.); to fill the room (of a gas, smell, etc.); to be heavy with (e.g. smoke); to be muffled (e.g. voice); to hold (a castle, fortress, etc.)
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that
difficult to ...; hard to ...
by myself; in person; by oneself
the one before last; two generations, etc. previous
to stop; to cease; to come to an end; to cut off
apt to (do); liable to; predominantly; mostly; ... reaps the rewards; ... takes the prize
tragedy; tragic drama; tragic play; tragedy; calamity; disaster
private tutor; coach; governess
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
to be taught; to learn; to take lessons in
until then; till then; to that extent; the end of it; all there is to it
fishing industry; fishery
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
development; exploitation
to be outdone (by); to be in inferior (to); to compare unfavorably (with); to be behind
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryo system)
labor; labour; manpower; working force
to turn; to rotate; to pass around; to send around; to move (someone or something to where its needed); to send; to turn (to a new use)
intensive; concentrated; focused
to decrease (in size or number); to diminish; to abate
internal conditions; true state of affairs
out of fashion; out of style; outmoded
personal accessories (ornaments, adornments)
fashion; trend; vogue; prevalence (of a disease); epidemic
to be popular; to come into fashion; to be prevalent; to spread widely (e.g. disease); to flourish; to thrive
hating to lose; unyielding; unbending; competitive; sore loser; determined
perhaps; likely; probably; I dare say
don't worry; no worries; never mind
difficult to ...; hard to ...
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
generously; liberally; magnanimously
to pay (e.g. money, bill); to brush off; to wipe away; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors); to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of; to pay (e.g. attention)
claim; demand; charge; application; request; billing (for a service)
to that extent; to that degree; so much; so
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
evening; night; nighttime