great burdock (Arctium lappa); gobo
birth; creation; formation
at that time; in those days; at that moment; then
northeast Japan (northeast of the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line)
opening; gap; dried and opened fish
pillar; post; support; prop; counter for buddhas, gods, nobles, etc.
through; throughout; through (the good offices of); by way of
to take something into ...; to bring in; to lodge (a complaint); to file (a plan); to bring to (a state: tied game, vote, trial, etc.)
to diffuse; to spread throughout; to prevail; to become widespread; to reach everyone
modernization; modernisation
Western civilization; Western civilisation
the rise of the curtain; opening (of play); beginning (e.g. of an era); opening (festival, event, etc.)
final chapter; last chapter; last section (of a book, essay, song etc.); epilogue
spell (that restricts one's movements); binding spell
level; standard; water level
style; way; shape; form; appearance; state
to have a reason; to have an excuse
organic fertilizer; organic fertiliser
enough; sufficient; plenty; sufficiently; fully; thoroughly
to pull up; to drag up; to increase; to raise (e.g. taxes); to withdraw; to leave; to promote (someone to a higher position)
nitrogenous fertilizer; nitrogenous fertiliser
Mendel's laws (of genetic inheritance)
to boost; to force up; to push up
rapidly; vigorously; by leaps and bounds; steadily
(insect) pest; insect carrying disease germs; insect causing damage to crops
promotion; acceleration; encouragement; facilitation; spurring on
in every nook and corner; from A to Z; from head to toe; from cover to cover
distant view; looking from a distance; good long distance vision; farsightedness
to grow; to cultivate; to wear a beard
to scorn; to despise; to hold in contempt; to look down on; to disdain
ridge (in field); row of raised earth when planting crops; rib (cloth, mountains, sea); cord (e.g. corduroy)
to bend; to curve; to turn; to be awry; to be askew
to have a perverse character; to have a twisted personality
being somewhat (half) joking; half seriously; half in jest; in a jocular vein
to leave as; to view as; to maintain the status quo
to have meaning; to be meaningful