birth; creation; formation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
samsara; cycle of death and rebirth; being reborn; reincarnation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
fashion; trend; vogue; prevalence (of a disease); epidemic
century; era; of the century (e.g. fight of the century)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
commencing with; including
domination; rule; direction; management; control (e.g. over one's emotions); determining (e.g. one's fate)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at first; initially; in the beginning
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to be complete; to be all present; to be equal; to be uniform; to gather; to assemble
beginning; outset; first; onset
dead person; (the) deceased; (the) dead; casualties
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
Yama (king of the world of the dead, who judges the dead); Emma; Yan; Yomna
rule; reign; government; governing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go in the direction of; to proceed toward; to become; to face (facts, circumstances, etc.); (arch.) to abide by; (arch.) to agree to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
before very long; soon; someday; of the previously mentioned; of that number; among them
while alive; during one's lifetime
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance