this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
book; volume; this; present; main; head
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
writing vertically; vertical writing
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to see; to look; to watch; to try to
model (of machine, device); model of aircraft; type of aircraft
by means of; due to; because of; according to
indication; expression; display; displaying; representation; (copyright) attribution
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
difference; variation; difference
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
counter for books; volume
coincident with; while; simultaneously
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
first; firstly; first of all; Introduction; Preface
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be effective; to take effect; to work; to function well; to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
arranging in a line; standing in a row; parallel (electronics, computing, etc.)
art; technique; means; way; trick; trap
myself; yourself; I; me; you
popular; folksy; plebeian; ordinary; unpretentious
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
consciousness; becoming aware (of); awareness; mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
don't you think?; indicates question
until now; so far; up to the present
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
if anything; if pushed I'd say; if I had to say
in a positive sense of the word; in the best sense of the word; in a good way
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
all-Japanese-are-middle-class mentality
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
common people; ordinary people; masses
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
majority group (party, faction)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)