Edo (shogunate capital; former name of Tokyo); Yedo
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
bodyguard; bouncer; bar (on a door); bolt; stick or pole used for self-defence
trade; business; occupation; profession; job
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be enthralled by; to be disguised as
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
close friend; bosom friend; buddy; crony; chum
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
will (esp. of shogun); decree; emperor's wishes
to attack; to destroy; to defeat; to conquer; to avenge
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
festivities; celebration; wedding; marriage ceremony
near; close (to); nearby; (drawing) near; approaching; almost here
to be temperate in; to refrain; to make notes; to jot down (e.g. phone number); to be in preparation for; to be in waiting for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
series; chain; two reams (i.e. 1000 sheets of paper); verse; stanza
occurrence; happening; incident; event
by means of; due to; because of; according to
han (estate of a daimyo in the Edo and early Meiji periods); feudal domain; fief; province
reform; reformation; reorganization
surface; face (i.e. the visible side of an object); front (of a building, etc.); obverse side (i.e. "head") of a coin; outside; exterior; appearance
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
plot; intrigue; scheme; conspiracy
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
one's person; around one's person
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
suddenly; abruptly; unexpectedly; (not) readily; (not) right away; (not) immediately
busy; hectic; hurried; rapid; quick; sudden
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
one cup (of); one glass (of); one drink (of alcohol); full; filled (with); fully; to capacity
how; in what way; how about