indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
plot of land; lot; soil; locality; region; place
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
selling off; disposal by sale; sale
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
serious; earnest; real sword (as opposed to a wooden practice weapon)
smirkingly; broadly (grinning)
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to pay (e.g. money, bill); to brush off; to wipe away; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors); to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of; to pay (e.g. attention)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Japanese spindle tree (Euonymus sieboldianus)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
police; police officer; police station
to be caught; to be arrested; to hold on to; to grasp; to find (e.g. proof); to get (e.g. a taxi)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
please (give me); please (do for me)
correct; proper; formal; invertible (matrix); holomorphic
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
older brother; elder brother; brother (as older-brother figure in friendly and or work relationship); young man; buddy
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
adds force or indicates command
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to let (someone) hear; to tell (e.g. a story); to make (someone) listen; to make (someone) understand; to grip (someone) with skilful singing, storytelling, etc.; to hold (someone) enchanted by
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
easy; simple; there's no way that ...
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!