Niigata (city, prefecture)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
entry into port; arriving in harbor
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
going through; going via; going by way of
every place; various places
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take; to carry (something) away; to bear
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
the capital city (often Tokyo) area (typically within 50 km of city's centre) (center)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
in comparison to; rather than
Saitama (city, prefecture)
to turn; to rotate; to pass around; to send around; to move (someone or something to where its needed); to send; to turn (to a new use)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
once; for a short time; briefly; (arch.) one morning
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
water; liquid; fluid; moisture; humidity; sap
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
rest; break; recess; intermission
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
exercise; physical training; appeal; campaign; motion; movement
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
in that way; thus; so; so?
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
health; healthy; sound; fit
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish