talk; recital; narration; topic
samurai family; samurai class; samurai stock; samurai; warrior
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
central figure; pillar (e.g. of the nation); chief; boss; master carpenter; beams and ridge supports of a roof
Mr; Mrs; clan; he; him; counter for people
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
domestic discord; internal discord; internal strife; internal struggle; infighting
by means of; due to; because of; according to
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose; to miss (a chance, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
shogunate; bakufu; shogun's headquarters; Imperial Guards office; residence of the Imperial Guards commander
fight; dispute; feud; competition; contest; rivalry
each place; every place; various places; all parts (of the country, world, etc.)
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
Japanese league; ri; neighbourhood (under the ritsuryō system; orig. of 50 homes); unit of area (approx. 654 m by 654 m)
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
Mino (former province located in the south of present-day Gifu Prefecture)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
warfare; the maelstrom of war; disorder brought about by war
wave; billow; ups and downs; (something) advancing step by step; (something) surging forward inopposably; tendency
to advance on; to close in; to march on; to descend on (the enemy); to move towards; to surge forward (crowd, wave of nostalgia, wave, etc.)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
several; a few; number; quantity; counting; calculation; number
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
sightseeing; scout; patrol; watchtower; lookout
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become