Suruga (former province located in the central and northern parts of present-day Shizuoka Prefecture)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Owari (former province located in the west of present-day Aichi Prefecture)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to fall into (someone's) hands; to fall under someone's control; to become someone's property (e.g. of an object)
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lead; to spearhead (a group); to command (troops)
shoe; shoes; boots; footwear; footgear
credit; money owed on an account; bill; hot noodles in broth; proportion (of wholesale price, as tenths of list price); in the midst of; rest
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
Mikawa (former province located in the east of present-day Aichi Prefecture)
group engaged in some activity (players, companies, forces, etc.)
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
I'm told; is what I heard; is how it is, apparently; is what they said
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
root (of a plant); root (of a tooth, hair, etc.); center (of a pimple, etc.); root (of all evil, etc.); source; one's true nature
fort; fortress; stronghold; fortification
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
almost; roughly; approximately
unhurt; uninjured; flawless (e.g. gem); unblemished; spotless (e.g. reputation); faultless (e.g. performance)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to go through; to pass through; to get through; to cut across
as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); just like (someone)
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
reason; logic; sense; natural way of things
to be open (to traffic); to lead to; to flow (liquid, current); to pass; to be understood; to be comprehended; to be honored
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
reason; cause; circumstances