indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
nobleman's illegitimate child
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
shogunate; bakufu; shogun's headquarters; Imperial Guards office; residence of the Imperial Guards commander
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
back; rear; background; behind the scenes
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
to lurk; to be hidden; to be concealed; to lie dormant; to be latent
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon); trace
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see through; to see into (someone's heart, mind, etc.); to perceive; to find out; to detect
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
aim (of a gun, bow, etc.); aim; object; objective
to make sure of; to ascertain; to confirm; to grasp
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
black curtain; wirepuller; mastermind; backroom manipulator
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
audience (with someone of high standing)
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to make a decision; to draw a conclusion; to give a judgement; to hand down a verdict; to let go down; to lower; to do oneself
reasons; circumstances; details; particulars; hindrance; inconvenience
to change; to alter; to reform; to correct; to examine; to check
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to be easily mistaken for (something else); to be indistinguishable from; to look just like; (arch.) to intermingle; (arch.) to be in disorder; (arch.) to be in disarray
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
emperor; shogun; honored person (honoured); (another person's) wife
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except