10,000; ten thousand; 10^4
both (hands, parents, sides, etc.); counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles; ryō; tael; ryō; pre-Meiji unit of currency, orig. the value of one ryō of gold
to take back; to get back; to regain; to recover; to restore; to recoup
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to betray; to turn traitor (to); to double-cross; to disappoint; to let down
dawn; daybreak; event (e.g. "in the event of ..."); occasion; occurrence
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
star (usu. excluding the Sun); planet (usu. excluding Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); asterisk; star (actor, player, etc.); dot; spot
right; right-hand side; right hand; the above (in a piece of vertical writing); above-mentioned; the right (wing)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
to order; to command; to appoint
(Meiji era) official responsible for court ceremonies
Edo (shogunate capital; former name of Tokyo); Yedo
chief retainer; daimyo's minister
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
suspicious; dubious; doubtful; unsure; untrustworthy; unreliable; strange
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
dojo; hall used for martial arts training; manda (place of Buddhist practice or meditation, esp. the place under the bodhi tree where Buddha attained enlightenment)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
honorific/polite/humble prefix
in short; the point is; the important thing is; in a word; basically
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
to protect (someone); to look after (e.g. an injured leg); to defend; to cover for; to stand up for; to stick up for
shallow river; shallows; flatboat; river boat
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
one party; one faction; one clique
to swear; to vow; to take an oath; to pledge
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
daimyo's main Edo mansion
successfully; fairly; artfully; nicely; completely; thoroughly
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
to get worked up; to be eager (enthusiastic); to rouse oneself
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
you (when referring to one's equals or inferiors)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...