if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
chief retainer; daimyo's minister
by means of; due to; because of; according to
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
one party; one faction; one clique
arrest; apprehension; capture
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
thief; robber; burglar; bandit
youngster; boy; young Buddhist monk; young bonze; young shop-boy; errand boy
pine tree (Pinus spp.); highest (of a three-tier ranking system)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
snare; trap (for catching wild game, etc.); trap (i.e. ruse, subterfuge, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
childhood friend; friend from infancy; old playmate
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
ahead; before; the future
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to see through (a plot, lie, etc.); to penetrate into; to discover; to find out
splendid; magnificent; utter (esp. defeat); total; (arch.) something worth seeing; (arch.) sight
purveyor (to the government or Imperial Household)
abundant; plentiful; rich; wealthy; open (mind); relaxed
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to plunder; to grab; to snatch
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
geta; Japanese wooden clogs; turn (in set-type proofing); upside-down character
leather-soled sandals (geta)