to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
thief; robber; burglar; bandit
one party; one faction; one clique
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
footprints; record of page visitors (e.g. in social networking sites)
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
clue; lead; key; handhold; hold
to seize; to catch; to obtain; to acquire; to understand; to grasp
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
to take measures (in face of events being anticipated); to come to an agreement (in bargaining, etc.); to strike a bargain; to clap one's hands together
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
drugs; ingredients (for Chinese medicine)
wholesale store; wholesale dealer; wholesaler
to go into; to come into; to penetrate; to become complicated
kabuki dance in which the dancer quickly changes his clothes seven times; the seven common disguises of ninja
honorific/polite/humble prefix
thousand years; very long period; forever
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least