large river (esp. the Yangtze); Lake Biwa
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
leading figure; influential figure; mogul
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to leave this world; to die
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to entrust (someone) with; to leave (a matter) with someone; to have someone deliver (a message, parcel, etc.); to send (through someone); to use (something) to express (one's feelings, opinion, etc.); to express in the form of (something)
main point; essential point; important thing; necessity; need; requirement
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
society; the world; the times
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
how; in what way; how about
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to know; to be aware (of); to be acquainted (with); to think; to consider; to believe
than; in comparison to; rather than; over; above
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
to desire; to want; to expect (of someone); to hope for; to see; to command (a view of)
coming; going; being (somewhere); (please) come; go; stay
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
eldest son (may be the only son); first-born son
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
to communicate with each other; to understand each other; to be mutually understood; to be connected
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
let me humbly say; most humbly; with all due respect
emperor; shogun; honored person (honoured); (another person's) wife