indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to create; to bring forth; to invent; to think up and bring into being; to give birth to; to bear
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
sword (esp. Japanese single-edged); katana; scalpel; chisel; burin; knife money (knife-shaped commodity money used in ancient China)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
gun; firearm; wooden pole that wrestlers strike in practice; puffer fish
role; assignment; position (of responsibility); post; part (in a play, film, etc.); role
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to stand (up); to rise; to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on); to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to leave (to do something)
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
genius; prodigy; natural gift
master of the tea ceremony; person with eccentric tastes
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
tea; tea plant (Camellia sinensis); tea preparation; making tea; brown; (arch.) mockery
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
use; utilization; utilisation; application
a puff; a smoke; (short) rest; break; one dose (of medicine or poison); (brief) lull
to pin down; to hold down; to cover (esp. a part of one's body with one's hand); to clutch (a body part in pain); to get a hold of; to obtain; to grasp (a point)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
daimyo (Japanese feudal lord)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
respect; esteem; reverence; honour; honor
to collect; to assemble; to gather
before long; soon; almost; nearly; finally; in the end
influence; clout; leverage
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to reach the point where ...; to come to ...; to come to be that ...; to start to ...; to begin to ...
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
to pull (the puppet) strings; to direct things from behind the scenes; to stretch out (and keep going); to linger on
all; everyone; everybody; everything
to tie up in a bundle (e.g. straw, hair, bills, letters); to bundle; to govern; to manage; to fold (one's arms); to put together (one's hands)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly