everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
life or death; existence; destiny
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be affected; to be influenced; to be concerned with; to have to do with; to stick to (opinions)
to have troubles; to have concerns
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
to hold in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to have (problems, debts, etc.); to take on (a responsibility); to employ; to have (on one's staff)
though; notwithstanding; although
to be blessed with children
adopted child (usu. male); son-in-law
to surpass the rest (e.g. of a large group); to stand out from the crowd; to be the best by far
oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin
trace; tracks; site; remains; scar
to succeed (a person, to a position, etc.); to inherit; to patch (clothes); to mend; to add (e.g. charcoal to the fire); to replenish with
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
interruption (e.g. of a conversation)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
birth; creation; formation
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
country in civil war; country disarrayed by war; Warring States period (Japan, China); competiton in which there are several evenly-matched participants; hotly-contested game (match, market, etc.)
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to bring; to take; to bring about
(arch.) large river (esp. the Yangtze); Lake Biwa
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only