indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
how; in what way; how about
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
business; errand; nature of one's business
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to be; to come; to go; to be (doing)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
wanting (to have); desiring; wishing for; I want (you, them, etc.) to (do)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
foster father; adoptive father
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
arm; ability; skill; (physical) strength
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
personage; person (deserving of respect)
really; truly; very; extremely; exceedingly; sincerely
strange; wonderful; weird; outrageous; mysterious
very; extremely; exceedingly; top; highest; best
emperor; shogun; honored person (honoured); (another person's) wife
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease; bad habit; bad behaviour; crazy; insane
good thing; nice thing; good excuse; good grounds; (good) idea; interjection used to impress an idea or to urge a response
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
Edo (shogunate capital; former name of Tokyo); Yedo
to board (a train, plane, etc.); to get into (a car); to get on (a bus); to march into; to enter; to arrive (at, in)
successfully; fairly; artfully; nicely; completely; thoroughly
to succeed to someone's post; to take someone's place; to take over someone's position; to step into someone's shoes
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
that kind of; of the sort; of the kind; such
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use