you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to steal; to plagiarize; to steal (a technique, idea, etc.); to do stealthily; to do during scant time; to steal a base
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
unthinkable; unexpected; outrageous; offensive
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
duty; responsibility (incl. supervision of staff); liability; onus
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
high-ranking noh actor; head of a school of noh performance; high ranking courtesan (esp. in Yoshiwara) (Edo-period); jōruri narrator; manzai narrator; female role actor in kabuki; low ranking priest in a Shinto shrine
suffix for familiar person
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
failure; mistake; blunder
to resign; to retire; to quit; to leave (one's job, etc.)
waterway; channel; wake (of a ship)
at that time; in those days; at that moment; then
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
eleven; 11; jack (playing card); Hodgson's hawk-cuckoo (Cuculus fugax); Horsfield's hawk cuckoo
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
Tokugawa Ienari (1773.11.18-1841.2.20), Shougun 1786-1837
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
kind; sort; type; similar example; parallel; the like
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
1,000,000; one million; million; many
town; city; municipal; urban
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof