once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
childhood friend; old playmate
now; the present time; just now; another; more
breaking off a relationship; permanent breach of friendship; rupture
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
chief retainer; daimyo's minister
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to kill (a human) using a blade (sword, machete, knife, etc.); to slice (off); to lop (off); to cut (off)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
husband; master (of a house, shop, etc.)
haori (Japanese formal coat)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
giant butterbur (Petasites japonicus); Japanese sweet coltsfoot
natural; reasonable; obvious; usual; common; ordinary
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
honorific/polite/humble prefix
samurai family; samurai class; samurai stock; samurai; warrior
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
insect; bug; worm; roundworm; thing inside one's body believed to influence one's thoughts and feelings; (one's) unconscious; nervousness
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
salary (paid in rice to a samurai); stipend; making (someone) a retainer and granting a stipend
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
making (a new suit, dress, etc.); having (something) made; buying new; new tune; new melody; new composition
countryside; country; 50-home township (comprised of 2-3 neighbourhoods)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to make one's rounds; to patrol
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to finish; to end; to have a result less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
what with this and that; for a number of reasons
coming and going; traffic; road; street; association; socializing
at; in; at; when; by; with; so