woven mat (of sedge, hay, etc.)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
steam; vapour; vapor; steamboat; steam locomotive
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to turn; to rotate; to pass around; to send around; to move (someone or something to where its needed); to send; to turn (to a new use)
(sound of an) explosion or detonation; roar (of a machine)
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
war; battle; match; game; competition
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
garden (esp. man-made); orchard; park; place; location
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
drumming (noise); beating; rapidly; quickly; continuously; one after the other
tuck (e.g. in a dress); rise (e.g. in price)
still; much more; (not) yet; still a long way to go; still a long way off; not there yet
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
bang; bam; noontime signal gun (carried out early Meiji to Taishō); noon gun; last round in a game of 12 rounds; precisely
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to clear up; to clear away; to refresh (e.g. spirits); to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to be banished