again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
eel (esp. the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
father of one's country; father of the nation
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go against; to oppose; to disobey; to defy
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
again; once more; a second time
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
peers; friends; fellow workers; comrades
to fight with swords; to cross swords
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
tragedy; tragic drama; tragic play; tragedy; calamity; disaster
honorific/polite/humble prefix
tiger (Panthera tigris); drunkard; drunk; sot
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
abdomen; belly; womb; one's mind; one's real intentions; courage; nerve
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
poison; toxicant; harm; evil influence; ill will; spite
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
to be due to; to be caused by; to depend on; to turn on; to be based on; to come from
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
possession; ownership; Tibet; Tibetan people
(one) matter; (one) item; (one) case
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
to take the blame; to take responsibility; to assume liability; to bear the burden