honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
imperial court; shogunate government; authorities; public affairs; official; government
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave (in someone's keeping); to put (in someone's care); to put (someone) in charge of; to leave (a matter) in someone's hands; to lean on; to put one's weight on
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
rather; sooner; preferably
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
to serve (in a bowl, on a plate, etc.); to dish out; to pile up; to heap up; to administer (medicine, poison); to dose out; to put into (e.g. information in a report, meaning in a statement)
(Edo-period) chief minister
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
shield; buckler; escutcheon; pretext
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
in succession; one by one
oppression; suppression; pressure
to release; to let go; to free; to add (pieces of eggplant, potato, etc.) to water, broth, etc.
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
point of a spear; spearhead; focus (of one's attack, criticism, etc.); aim; force (of an argument); edge
to turn towards; to point
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
dropping; unloading; grated vegetables, fruit, etc.; grater; using new tools (or clothes, etc.); new tools (or clothes, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
Kumamoto (city, prefecture)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
to be saved; to be rescued; to escape harm; to be spared damage; to be helped; to be saved trouble
just like; (virtually) no different from; (almost) the same as; as good as (e.g. dead, settled)