indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
knack; skill; bone; skeleton; cremated remains (esp. the bones); ashes
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
than; other than; except; but
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
bang; bam; noontime signal gun (carried out early Meiji to Taishō); noon gun; last round in a game of 12 rounds; precisely
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
exemplar; model; example; pattern
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
older brother; elder brother
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding