honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
handbook; instruction book; manual
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
determination; resolution
adopted child (usu. male); son-in-law
for generations; hereditary; generation after generation
feudal domain (Edo and early Meiji periods, precursor to current prefectures); fiefdom; province
military science; strategy; tactics
instructor; (fencing) teacher; model
to work (for); to be employed (at); to serve (as); to act (as); to conduct a religious service
no matter what it takes; by any means necessary; at all costs; by hook or by crook
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
ahead; further on; beyond (this place); before this; prior to this; earlier
oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
official; governmental; public (use, matter, forum, etc.); common; being public knowledge; being out in the open
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
tortoise; turtle; heavy drinker; turtle crest; turtle mon
husband; master (of a house, shop, etc.)
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
gently; mildly; leniently; don't be too hard on me (us, them); go easy on me
unhurriedly; leisurely; slowly; relaxedly; taking one's time
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
tea; tea plant (Camellia sinensis); tea preparation; making tea; brown; (arch.) mockery
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
come, come; come; come now; here you go; here; when handing something
tea (usu. green); tea break (at work); tea ceremony
waterfall; (arch.) rapids
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then