to raise; to lift; to boost; to enhance
world; society; people; the public
towards (a destination); for the purpose of; with the goal of; targeting (a group, a demographic)
laying the groundwork; behind-the-scenes maneuvering; consensus-building process; digging around the roots of a tree (before transplanting)
court noble; nobility; three lords and nine ministers (of the ancient Chinese government)
to scatter; to disseminate (e.g. a rumor); to spread (e.g. germs); to distribute widely (e.g. leaflets); to hand out freely; to spend recklessly
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
founding a country; opening of a country (e.g. Japan) to the world; ending (a policy of) national seclusion
when it comes to ...; where ... is concerned; if it's the case that ...; if it turns out that ...; if it's true that ...
profit; gains; benefit; advantage; grace (of God, Buddha, etc.) (esp. as attained through rightful actions, prayer, adherence to one's faith, etc.); blessing
monopoly; monopolization; exclusivity; hogging; keeping to oneself
various fiefdoms; various domains
opening a port (seaport, airport, etc.); starting operations at a port; opening a port to foreign vessels or trade
permission; approval; authorization; to permit; to authorize
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
mess; sorry state; -ways; -wards; in the act of ...; just as one is ...
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
to herd; to drive; to corner; to force someone into doing; to go hard; to push yourself
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
overturning; capsizing; overthrow (e.g. of a government)
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
overthrow of the shogunate
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to be careful; to be discreet; to do in moderation; to refrain (from overdoing); to be purified; to be chaste
to kill (a human) using a blade (sword, machete, knife, etc.); to slice (off); to lop (off); to cut (off)
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
gap; space; break; interlude; chink (in one's armor, armour); chance
to breathe out; to breathe; to tell (a lie); to use (foul language); to vomit; to throw up
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to get drunk; to become intoxicated; to feel sick (e.g. in a vehicle); to become nauseated; to be elated; to be exalted
the very end; finish; to the very end; to the last; thoroughly