indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
price reduction; price cut; reduction in price; markdown
by means of; due to; because of; according to
(radio, TV) license fee; licence fee
income; earnings; revenue; proceeds; takings; receipts
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
three years; third school year (e.g. of high school)
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
10,000,000,000; ten billion
yen (currency of Japan); circle
not less than ...; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; the above; the above-mentioned
to decrease (in size or number); to diminish; to abate
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
even more; still more; one layer; lowest floor (of a building); rather; sooner
business; enterprise; venture; (social) project; undertaking; enterprise
management; administration; operation
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
fair; impartial; just; fairness; impartiality; justice
burden; load; responsibility; bearing (a cost, responsibility, etc.); shouldering
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to turn (towards); to face; to head to; to go towards; to allot; to allocate
effort; initiative; dealing with; bout (in sports, etc.); match
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
good bye; I'm off; see you later
NHK; Japan Broadcasting Corporation
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
public broadcasting (e.g. NHK, BBC)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
viewer (esp. of television, streaming video content); audience; viewership; listener (occ. of radio, audio streaming content)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
trust (in); confidence; faith; reliance
to respond; to answer; to meet (e.g. demands, expectations); to affect; to take a toll; to strike home
(being) worth seeing; impressive
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
broadcasting; broadcast; program; announcement
crown (of head); summit (of mountain); easy win for one; something received
to stand (up); to rise; to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on); to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to leave (to do something)
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign