indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
Heike family; Taira family
central figure; pillar (e.g. of the nation); chief; boss; master carpenter; beams and ridge supports of a roof
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to stand in the way (esp. with legs spread out); to block the way; to stand in the way (e.g. of progress); to obstruct
emperor (of Japan); mikado
honorific/polite/humble prefix
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
counter for birds or rabbits
cloistered emperor; ex-emperor who has become a monk
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young woman; young (animal); offshoot
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
illness; disease; bad habit; weakness; fault
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
suddenly; abruptly; unexpectedly; (not) readily; (not) right away; (not) immediately
noisy; boisterous; turbulent (era, etc.); troubled
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
bursting through the surface; suddenly surfacing; sudden increase (e.g. in public interest); fast rise (e.g. in rank)
Sutokujōkou (1119.7.7-1164.9.14) (retired emperor)
one's own child; one's own children
backing; support; backer; shield that protects one's back
rule; government; administration
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
confrontation; opposition; antagonism
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to advance (spatially); to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to move ahead (e.g. of work); to intensify
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...