Heike family; Taira family
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
central figure; pillar (e.g. of the nation); chief; boss; master carpenter; beams and ridge supports of a roof
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to decide; to determine; to establish; to lay down; to bring peace (to); to make peaceful
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to entrust (someone) with; to leave (a matter) with someone; to have someone deliver (a message, parcel, etc.); to send (through someone); to use (something) to express (one's feelings, opinion, etc.); to express in the form of (something)
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to go upstream; to go up (a river); to go back (to the past or origin); to date back (to); to trace back (to)
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
river; stream; River; the ... river
cloistered emperor; ex-emperor who has become a monk
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to atone for; to expiate; to redeem; to make up for; to compensate for
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
maiko; apprentice geisha (in Kyoto)
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; content; substance
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
very young; little; childish; immature
Sunday; nth day (of the month); counter for days; Japan
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
one's own child; one's own children
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
to take into one's possession; to receive; to take into one's care (e.g. person, pet); to take custody of; to leave; to go away
before long; soon; almost; nearly; finally; in the end
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
something broad and flat; common; ordinary; low-ranking employee; freshman
to sever relations (with someone; esp. a relative or spouse); to break off (with)
family; clan; sect; school; group of related sumo stables
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
isolation; being alone; being friendless
though; although; notwithstanding; while; as; at the same time as
firm; solid; steady; secure; unshakeable; unwavering
belief; faith; conviction