source (of a river); fountainhead; source; origin; root
Enryaku era (782.8.19-806.5.18)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
portable shrine (carried in festivals); palanquin; buttocks; lower back
to throw; to fling; to hurl; to neglect; to abandon; to leave alone
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
ripple; ring on the water; repercussions; Japanese slit drum; instrument made of iron with slits on top; makes a rippling sound
to produce; to yield; to cause; to result from; to arise; to be generated
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to miss (doing); to fail (to do)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Fujiwara No Yorinaga (1120-1156.8.1)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
without; unless; have to do
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Heike family; Taira family
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
something broad and flat; common; ordinary; low-ranking employee; freshman
already; now; no longer; not any more
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
ahead; further on; beyond (this place); before this; prior to this; earlier
family; clan; sect; school; group of related sumo stables
to carry on one's back; to be burdened with; to take responsibility for; to have (something) in the background; to be in front (of something); to be conceited
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...