Battle of Hakodate (battle of the Boshin War; 1868-1869)
promotion of industry; encouragement of new industry
visiting one's constituency; (arch.) feudal lord's return to his estate
to relate; to narrate; to describe; to confer (a rank)
separation of powers (legislative, executive and judicial)
perilous pass (on a route or journey); rough spot
charging with gunpowder; charge of gunpowder
deuteragonist; secondary or supporting actor in a noh or kyogen play (possibly multiple actors)
Grand Council of State (1868-1885 CE); Department of State (under the ritsuryo system)
final third of a two-hour period
Western learning (introduced to Japan in the late-Edo and early-Meiji eras)
abode (of a nobleman or emperor); Imperial chamber
to divide (by); to remove; to exclude
passing away; death; dying words; death poem (poem written during one's final moments)
John Doe; person of unknown name; (arch.) country bumpkin
Genji (the character in the Genji Monogatari); the Minamoto family
wetting; love affair; lover
Ōu (the two former provinces of Mutsu and Dewa); Tōhoku
supply route; supply road; communications (military)
monme (unit of weight, 3.75 g); monme; Edo period silver coin worth between 1/50th-1/80th of a ryō
unexploded ordnance; unexploded shell; unexploded bomb; UXO
the trouble is that ...; the problem is that ...; unfortunately; annoyingly
to slander; to libel; to criticize; to criticise
kin; catty; pound (unit of weight); loaf (of bread)
mountain river; mountain stream
anthology (of poetry, etc.); compilation; collection; selection
unpolished rice; unmilled rice; brown rice
to put out; to extinguish