white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
river; stream; River; the ... river
highway (esp. one existing from the Edo period); main road; highway (e.g. to success); path (to becoming ...); subdistrict (in China)
two (long cylindrical things)
pine tree (Pinus spp.); highest (of a three-tier ranking system)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
information; experience; knowledge; observation
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
back; reverse; rear side; height; stature; ridge (of a mountain)
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
idea; plan; draft; rough copy; expectation; (arch.) desk
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
adds force or indicates command
to think of; to hit upon; to come into one's mind; to remember; to recall
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Genji (the character in the Genji Monogatari); the Minamoto family
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
to begin; to set about; to start
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
caves dug as tombs in and around Kamakura during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
protection; safeguard; shugo (Kamakura or Muromachi period military governor)
job; work; duties; trade; skill
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
(arch.) office; (arch.) official; chief; head; (Yaeyama Islands in Okinawa) person (usually a woman) whose duty it is to officiate at religions ceremonies
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
imperial order; imperial will
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the same; the said; likewise
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity