year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
shutting oneself in (one's room, etc.); barricading oneself in (a fort, etc.) while being besieged; holing up (in a building)
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
on the occasion of; circumstances; juncture
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
just; right; pure; genuine; truth
Japanese league; ri; neighbourhood (under the ritsuryo system; orig. of 50 homes); unit of area (approx. 654m by 654m)
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
by means of; due to; because of; according to
dying at one's post; being killed in the line of duty
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
doubt; question; uncertainty; skepticism; scepticism; suspicion
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come out; to appear; to turn up; to emerge
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
one meaning; primary importance; primary significance; a reason; a truth
emergency deployment (police, etc.); emergency posting
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
hello (e.g. on phone); excuse me! (when calling out to someone)
massive failure; debacle; fiasco
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to get back; to regain; to recover; to make up (for); to catch up on
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo