indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
fixed; settled; constant; definite; uniform; regularized
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
oscillation; vibration; swing (e.g. of a pendulum)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
explosion; detonation; eruption; eruption (of discontent, etc.); outburst; outpouring
structure; construction; arrangement; plan; plot; contrivance
second (unit of time); arc second
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
clearly; plainly; distinctly; to be clear; to be definite; to be certain
recognition; awareness; perception; understanding; knowledge; cognition
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
one meaning; primary importance; primary significance; a reason; a truth
(within) the (Tokyo) metropolitan area
counter for places, parts, passages, etc.
telephone booth; telephone box
to start; to begin; to challenge; to pick (a fight); to set (traps); to plant (explosives)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
to lurk; to be hidden; to be concealed; to lie dormant; to be latent
numeral; figure; digit; numeric character
to fuss over; to be particular about; to be obsessive about; to be fixated on; to obstruct; to hinder
foot of a mountain; base of a mountain; mine; colliery; owner of a mountain; operator of a mine
green; greenery (esp. fresh verdure)
brocade; fine dress; fine clothes
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
club; fraternity; sorority; clubhouse
sum; harmony; peace; Japan; Japanese-style
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that