to brew (sake, etc.); to cause; to bring on; to bring about
adds force or indicates command
firefly (Luciola cruciata); lightning bug; glowworm
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
lateness; tardiness; arriving late
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
hello (e.g. on phone); excuse me! (when calling out to someone)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
noon; midday; daytime; lunch
cooked rice; meal; food; one's living; livelihood
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to give (someone) a treat; to be extravagant; to live luxuriously; to be proud; to be haughty
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
sorry; excuse me; thank you