papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
glance; look; glimpse; complete view; bird's-eye view
far away; distant place; long ago; far back; by far
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to break a promise; to go back on one's word; to renege
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
frantic; frenetic; inevitable death; brinkmate (inevitable checkmate)
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
to drive away; to turn away; to send away; to repel; to repulse
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
adultery; immorality; impropriety; (an) affair
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
to suffer; to groan; to be worried
to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
official divorce registration papers
to thrust before; to thrust at