this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
quite; very; 10^48; quindecillion
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)
eldest son (may be the only son); first-born son
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
please (give me); please (do for me)
third son; Occella iburia (species of poacher)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
birth; birthplace; born in (country, month, imperial era, zodiac year, etc.)
order; turn; sorting; obedient; docile; submissive
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
really; truly; indeed; good grief
to differ; to vary; to disagree
type; kind; type (of person); (ideal) type; typewriter; typing
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
once in a lifetime; the first and last occurrence (event, experience) of one's lifetime
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to arrive at (a certain outcome); to come to; to end with
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
in that way; thus; so; so?
from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
to go upstream; to go back (in time, to origin); to date back to; to trace back to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)