indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
man; male; masculine gender
to give one's name (as); to introduce oneself (as); to claim to be; to call oneself; to reveal oneself (as); to admit to being
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
activity (esp. energetic or successful); great efforts; active participation; walking about with great vigor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
now; the present time; just now; another; more
original; unique; distinctive; independent; one's own; personal
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
Tanba (former province located in parts of present-day Kyoto, Hyogo and Osaka prefectures)
parliamentarian; member of a congress
donation; contribution; offering
corruption (esp. by a government employee); bribery; graft
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
important; essential; significant; major; key; principal
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
major company; big company; front castle gate; force attacking the front of a castle
general contractor; main contractor; major construction company
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
injustice; unfairness; wrongdoing; iniquity; impropriety; irregularity
to receive; to get; to accept; to take (someone's words or behaviour); to interpret; to understand
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
gold (metal); gold (color); gold (medal); first place (prize); something of great value; something golden (e.g. silence); money
flow (of a fluid or gas); stream; flow (of people, things); passage (of time); course (of events); (step-by-step) procedure; group of people who remain together after the end of an event
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
date and time (of a meeting, departure, etc.); days and hours
to write down; to note down; to mention; to describe; to inscribe; to mark
account book; register; ledger
to show; to display; to make (something or someone) look ...; to present an appearance of ...; to make (something) worth watching; to be entertaining; to have (something) looked at (by a specialist)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...