Formosan sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana)
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
café; cafe; coffeehouse; hostess bar (serving western alcoholic beverages; Taisho and Showa period)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
dream; dream; hope; unrealistic aspiration; daydream; delusion
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
suffix for familiar person
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
reckless; thoughtless; rash; ill-advised; impulsive; mad (e.g. scheme)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to soar; to fly high; to be whirled up; to make merry; to be ecstatic; to be in high spirits
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
to exchange (things); to convert (currency); to be in contrast (to); to contrast (with)
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
(ancient) Japan; Yamato kingdom; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture); Yamato (battleship)
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pleasant smell; aroma; fragrance; pleasant-smelling vegetation
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
maple (Acer spp.); maple tree