rough; wild; violent; immoderate; extravagant; reckless
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to dig; to excavate; to delve into; to dig up (e.g. vegetables); (for two men) to have anal sex
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to recall; to remember; to recollect
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
many times over; often; repeatedly; time after time
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
solitude; loneliness; isolation
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
to go through; to suffer; to experience (something unpleasant)
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
look here; I say; well; I know what; I'll tell you what; just a minute
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question