here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
satisfaction; contentment; sufficient; satisfactory; satisfying (an equation)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
knob; handle; snack (to have with a drink); side dish; a pinch (e.g. of salt); (file) handle
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
drinking establishment where one drinks while standing
investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
by means of; due to; because of; according to
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
woman; female; feminine gender
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
rate; ratio; profit; assignment; 10%; unit of ten percent; match
alone; by oneself; on one's own
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
in short; in a word; to sum up; to put it simply; to make a long story short; after all
modern times; the modern age; this day and age
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
considerably; greatly; a lot
citizenship; civic rights; civil rights; widespread acceptance; social recognition; common use
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
related to; in relation to; as far as ... is concerned
store interior; inside of a shop
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
in turns; in series; in number order; by rotation
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
time; hour; period; class
to smash; to crush; to shut down; to put out of business; to wreck; to break; to butcher