name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
... years old; age (of) ...
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
management; administration; operation; running (a business); conducting
pension (Western-style boarding house)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
helper; assistant; help; assistance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
then; well; so; well then
in turns; in series; in order; by rotation
to call on someone; to call at a place; to ask; to inquire; to hear; to be told
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
medium (size); average (grade, level, etc.); in; within; during; while; currently (doing)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
September; ninth month of the lunar calendar
22nd day of the month; 22 days
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
really; truly; indeed; good grief
first meeting; first interview with
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
state (of affairs); situation; appearance; look(s); sign; indication
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; by the way
in this way; like this; this (much); so; uh; er
to be exhausted; to be tired out; to be worn out
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
reservation; appointment; contract; subscription; programming (e.g. a device); setting (e.g. a timer)
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper