name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
management; administration; operation; running (business); conducting
pension (Western-style boardinghouse)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
in turns; in series; in number order; by rotation
to ask; to inquire; to implore (a god for an oracle); to seek direction (from your superior); to visit; to speak to (a large crowd at a theatre, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
September; ninth month of the lunar calendar
twenty-second day of the month; twenty-two days
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
really; truly; indeed; good grief
first meeting; first interview with
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to be exhausted; to be tired out
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
reservation; appointment; contract; subscription; programming (e.g. a device); setting (e.g. a timer)
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper