indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
(police) detective; criminal matter
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; (arch.) that's right
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
adds force or indicates command
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
please (give me); please (do for me)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
police; police officer; police station
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to take down; to bring down; to drop off (a passenger); to let off; to withdraw (money); to use for the first time; to wear for the first time
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you