Buddhist priest; bonze; layman dressed like a priest; person
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
remote mountain; mountain recesses
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
thin-culmed dwarf bamboo (growing in clusters); Japanese transverse bamboo flute (high-pitched; usu. with seven holes); sliver (strand of loose fibers)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
married couple; husband and wife; man and wife; his and hers; pair of objects, one larger (for man), one smaller (for woman)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be blessed with; to be rich in; to abound in
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
how; in what way; how about; questionable
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Sunpu (old name for Shizuoka City)
ago; since; before; previous
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
increasingly; more and more; decreasingly (when declining); less and less
bustling; busy; crowded; lively (party, voices, etc.); loud; noisy
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
in that way; thus; so; so?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
first snow (of the season); first snowfall
honorific/polite/humble prefix
mansion; palace; (arch.) nobleman; (arch.) noblewoman; (arch.) cabin (on a boat, carriage, etc.)
renga (early Japanese poetry form); linked verse; poetic dialogue
meeting; assembly; party; society; association; club
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
that kind of; of the sort; of the kind; such